Transformation (Grammar)

 

English Grammar

Transformation

Transformation means change. One kind of sentence or statement can be transformed into another form. Under this grammatical item, changing into negative/ affirmative (positive)/ yes/no question / wh-question (interrogative) etc. will be asked.

Rules of changing positive or affirmative sentence into negative

1.    If there is an auxiliary verb in the sentence, we can change into negative by adding not after the auxiliary verb.

Positive:      He is a doctor.

Negative:    He isn’t a doctor.

Positive:      I can speak English.

Negative:    I cannot speak English.

(We can use both full or contracted forms in negative.)

List of auxiliary verbs

Principal auxiliaries

Be -   is/ am/ are/ was/ were

Do-    do/ does/ did

Have- have/ has/ had

    Model auxiliaries

Will/ would/ can/ could/ shall/ should/ may/ might/must/ dare/ need/ ought to/ used to

 

2.           If there is not auxiliary verb, we have to take the help of do verb.

V1= do

V2= did

V5= does

Positive:      They work well.

Negative:    They don’t work well.

Positive:      Mohan ate rice.

Negative:    Mohan didn’t eat rice.

Positive:      Sunita plays skipping.

Negative:    Sunita doesn’t play skipping.

3.       If 'Have' verb is used as main verb or there is 'to' immediately after have verb, we should take the help of do verb.

have (to)= do

had (to)= did

has (to)= does

Positive:      He had to do that work.

Negative:    He didn’t have to do that work.

Positive:      Sunita has her breakfast.

Negative:    Sunita doesn’t have her breakfast.

Positive:      I have to go now.

Negative:    I don’t have to go now.

 

4.           We make negative by adding 'Don’t' before imperative sentences.

Positive:      Open the door.

Negative:    Don’t open the door.

Positive:      Have a cup of tea.

Negative:    Don’t have a cup of tea.

Positive:      Let her do it herself.

Negative:    Don’t let her do it herself.

Positive:      Stop.

Negative:    Don’t stop.

 

5.           If the sentence begins with 'Let's' we can change it by adding not after 'Let's'.

Positive:      Let's play football.

Negative:    Let's not play football.

Positive:      Let's listen to the music.

Negative:    Let's not listen to the music.

6.        If the sentence contains 'd better/rather we can change it by adding not after 'd better/rather.

Positive:      She'd rather go jogging.

Negative:    She'd rather not go jogging.

Positive:      You'd better take rest.

Negative:    You'd better not take rest.

7.           We can make negative by changing the words directly.

Positive                                    Negative

Some/every                              no

Always                                    never

Usually/ often/ sometimes        never

Either…or                               neither….nor

Someone/everyone                   no one

Somebody/everybody               nobody

Some of/ all of/ most of            none of

Easily                                      hardly

Frequently                               rarely/ scarcely

Only +sub…                            None/ Nothing but +sub…

Already                                    not……….yet.

Some                                       (not) any

Too                                          (not) either

                     Positive:      He bought some apples.  

Negative:    He bought no apples/ He did not buy any apples.

Positive:        I have already met him.

Negative:      I have not met him yet.

Positive:        She is fine, too.              

Negative:      She is not fine, either.

Positive:        Only he can sing it.

Negative:    None but he can sing it.

Positive:        Hema always goes to market.

Negative:      Hema never goes to market.

 

8.         The negative of must can be need not/ must not.

They must work hard.

They need not work hard. (no necessity)

          They must not work hard. (Prohibition)

Transforming into Interrogative

Rules of changing statement into yes/no question and wh-question

Structure of yes /no question

Aux. verb+ Sub.+ Main Verb+ Obj?

Structure of wh-question

Wh+ aux. verb + Sub.+ Verb+ Obj?

Who/ What+ verb+ Obj?

1.        If there is an auxiliary verb in the sentence, we can change into yes/no question by writing it at the beginning of the sentence. To make wh-question, we should write the auxiliary verb after wh-word.

Statement:             Hari is a doctor.

Yes/no question:   Is Hari a doctor?

Wh-question:        Who is a doctor?

Statement:             Kathmandu is the biggest city of Nepal.

Yes/no question:   Is Kathmandu the biggest city of Nepal?

Wh-question:        Which is the biggest city of Nepal?

 

2.           If there is not auxiliary verb, we have to take the help of do verb.

V1= do

V2= did

V5= does

Statement:             They work well.

Yes/no question:   Do they work well?

What question:      What do they do well?

How question:      How do they work?

Statement:             Mohan ate rice.

Yes/no question:   Did Mohan eat rice?

What question:      What did Mohan eat? / What did Mohan do?

Who question:      Who ate rice?

Statement:             Sunita plays skipping.

Yes/no question:   Does Sunita play skipping?

What question:      What does Sunita play? / What does Sunita do?

3.       If 'Have' verb is used as main verb or there is 'to' immediately after have verb, we should take the help of do verb.

have (to)= do

had (to)= did

has (to)= does

Statement:             He had to do that work.

Yes/no question:   Did he have to do that work?

What question:      What did he have to do?

Statement:            Sunita has her breakfast.

Yes/no question:   Does Sunita have her breakfast?

What question:      What does Sunita have?

 

4.           We should change these words in interrogative.

statement                                question

Some                                       any

Always/ sometimes                  ever

Already                                   yet

Too                                          either

                   Statement:             He bought some apples.  

Yes/no question:   Did he buy any apples?

Statement:               She has already finished her work.

Yes/no question:    Has she finished her work yet?

Statement:               She always cooks rice.   

Yes/no question:    Does she ever cook rice?

Video for testing the competency of students (Transformation)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M_HeaHJYjvg

For Agreement CLICK HERE.

For Tag-question CLICK HERE.

For exercise CLICK HERE