Unit 13: Population and Migration (Class 10) Part II

 Unit 13: Population and Migration

Reading II (page 214)

Discovering Migration

A. Study the following word list and find their synonyms and antonyms as shown in the example. Write NA if the word does not have a synonym or antonym in the list.

Answer
a. transform

Synonyms: change, remodel, revamp

Antonyms: stagnate, hold on

b. incredible

Synonyms: unbelievable, amazing, wonderful

Antonyms: credible, plausible

c. roadmap

Synonyms: guideline, plan, direction, protocol, procedure Antonyms: NA

d. retrace

Synonyms: backtrack, recall, recollect, reminisce

Antonyms: forget

e. grab

Synonyms: clutch, snatch, capture

Antonyms: free, liberate, release

f. elevation

Synonyms: height, altitude

Antonyms: flat, level, lowness

g. waterlogged

Synonyms: wet, sodden, soaked, drenched

Antonyms: dehydrated, dry, arid

h. refuel

Synonyms: refill, replenish, restock Antonyms: deplete, exhaust

i. cluster

Synonyms: array, band, bunch, clump

Antonyms: chump

j. crucial

Synonyms: vital, fundamental

Antonyms: trivial, insignificant, unimportant

k. perilous

Synonyms: risky, dangerous, precarious, terrifying

Antonyms: harmless

B. Complete sentences (a-f with their correct endings (i-vii).

a. In the past, people had the misconception that

b. To supply themselves with energy

c. When the weather is favorable in spring

d. As a sign of partial migration

e. To wait for a favorable weather

f. For better flying conditions

i. some birds travel to a different place while others do not.

ii. some birds stop to feed themselves with grains.

iii. birds fly back to their habitats.

iv. birds hid underground or changed into some other birds.

v. some birds choose to fly during the night.

vi. birds fly rapidly like the marathon players.

vii. birds fly in large groups.

Answer
a. In the past, people had the misconception that- iv. birds hid underground or changed into some other birds.

b. To supply themselves with energy- ii. some birds stop to feed themselves with grains.

c. When the weather is favorable in spring- iii. birds fly back to their habitats.

d. As a sign of partial migration- i. some birds travel to a different place while others do not.

e. To wait for a favorable weather-v. some birds choose to fly during the night.

f. For better flying conditions- vii. birds fly in large groups.

C. Answer these questions.

a. What is incredible about the migration of birds?

b. What things do birds consider while flying to their destinations?

c. Which animals other than the birds migrate to new places?

d. What do scoters dive underwater for?

e. Which birds travel up and down instead of going north to south?

f. What is partial migration of birds?

g. Why can sea terns not stay long in water?

h. How do birds feed themselves during their journeys?

i. What are the signs of birds flying in the night sky?

Answer

a. The incredible feature about the migration of bird is that they fly over land and oceans, often thousands of miles, without a roadmap or compass.

b. While flying to their destinations, birds consider factors such as changing winds, their own weight, and storms.

c. Insects, amphibians, reptiles, fish, and mammals are other than the birds that migrate to new places.

d. Scoters dive underwater for grabbing shellfish from the ocean floor.

e. Mountain birds, such as brindled titmice and mountain chickadees, travel up and down instead of going north to south.

f. Partial migration refers to a phenomenon in which some birds may migrate while others do not.

g. Sea terns cannot stay long in water because they become waterlogged.

h. Birds feed themselves during their journeys by catching the pray like flying insects.

i. The signs of birds flying in the night sky can include their chattering and the occasional visibility when they pass in front of the moon. Moon watching is one way to count the number of migrating birds traveling at night, and during migration season, a moon watcher may observe a significant number of birds, sometimes up to 200 birds per hour.

D. You might have seen or heard animals migrating to new places. What could be the reasons for animals to migrate?

Answer
Migration is common not only in humans but also in animals. It is a fascinating phenomenon observed in many animal species. Animals go aboard on long journeys to new places for many reasons. One significant factor driving migration is the availability of food. Animals migrate to regions where resources are abundant, ensuring their sustenance and the ability to nourish themselves and their offspring. Additionally, migration is often associated with breeding. Animals seek out favorable environments for mating, nesting, and raising their young, maximizing their reproductive success. Climate and weather changes also play a role in migration, as animals move to avoid harsh conditions or extreme temperatures. By migrating, they can find more suitable habitats that offer greater chances of survival. Another motivation for migration is the escape from predators, as animals seek safer areas to minimize the risk of predation. Ultimately, migration is a remarkable adaptation that allows animals to capitalize on available resources, enhance reproductive opportunities, and improve their overall chances of survival in an ever-changing world.

Grammar II

A. Complete the sentences below with the correct alternatives from the brackets.

Answer

a. Even though we have different ideologies, we are intimate friends.

b. Despite our hard efforts, we could not establish a hospital in the village.

c. Even though the film was very popular, it was a commercial failure.

d. I enjoyed all the luxuries despite the fact that I grew up in a remote village.

e. I watched a late night movie; however, I didn't feel sleepy in the morning class.

f. Even though scientists have made lots of research, there is no evidence of life on Mars. g. Despite my efforts, I can't ever score excellent marks in the exam.

h. My room was burgled, although I had locked it securely before going out.

j. I called Siddhartha several times, but he did not respond.

k. Even though we had not invited them, they came to the party.
B. Join the following pairs of sentences with the connectives given in the brackets.

a. I was really exhausted. I could not sleep well. (Although)

b. She did not meet the requirements. She was shortlisted for the job. (In spite of)

c. The pay was quite low, I decided to work for the company. (Even though)

d. We lost the match. We had prepared for it really well. (Yet)

e. Dipisha completed her assignment. She had badly injured her hand. (Despite)

f. Kripa exercises every day. She is gaining weight. (However)

g. Barcelona won the match. They were limited to ten players. (Nevertheless)

h. I love to watch cricket on TV.  My brother loves to watch football. (While)

i. He had not gone to bed until midnight, he woke up early in the morning. (In spite of)

j. He had not played well. He was selected for the school team. (In spite of)

Answer

a. Although I was really exhausted, I could not sleep well.

b. In spite of not meeting the requirements, she was shortlisted for the job.

c. Even though the pay was quite low, I decided to work for the company.

d. Yet we lost the match, we had prepared for it really well.

e. Despite having badly injured her hand, Dipisha completed her assignment.

f. Kripa exercises every day, however she is gaining weight.

g. Nevertheless Barcelona won the match, they were limited to ten players.

h. I love to watch cricket on TV, while my brother loves to watch football.

i. In spite of not having gone to bed until midnight, he woke up early in the morning.

j. Although he had not played well, he was selected for the school team.
Writing l

A large number of youths and professionals leave Nepal and migrate abroad each year. Write an essay expressing your opinion about the impacts of such migration. Also include suggestions and solutions to the problems caused by migration.

The Impact of Youth and Professional Migration in Nepal

Migration has become a prevalent phenomenon in Nepal, with a significant number of youths and professionals leaving the country each year to seek better opportunities abroad. While migration can bring certain benefits, it also poses various challenges and consequences for both the individuals and the nation.

One of the major impacts of migration is the brain drain that occurs when highly educated and skilled professionals leave Nepal to pursue opportunities in other places. This migration deprives the country of valuable human capital and expertise, hindering its overall development and progress. Sectors such as healthcare, education, and technology are particularly affected by the loss of these talented individuals. Another issue of migration is the economic impact. Payments sent back by migrant workers significantly contribute to the country's economy, lessening poverty and boosting household incomes. However, a heavy reliance on remittances can create long-term challenges, such as a decline in domestic productivity and an increased dependency on foreign economies.

It is essential for Nepal to diversify its economy and invest in local industries to reduce its vulnerability to fluctuations in remittance flows. The migration of young and talented individuals can have adverse social situation. The loss of good  and productive workforce can lead to a demographic imbalance, affecting family structures, social dynamics etc. Moreover, the separation of families due to migration can have emotional and psychological impacts, particularly on children and elderly parents left behind. To control the outflow of talent, it is essential to create an environment that offers attractive opportunities within Nepal. This involves promoting entrepreneurship, innovation, and job creation by fostering a favorable business climate, supporting startups, and investing in key sectors. Strengthening the education system and vocational training programs is crucial to equip the youth with the necessary skills and knowledge.

In conclusion, youth and professional migration have weighty impacts on Nepal, including brain drain, economic implications, and social consequences. To lessen these challenges, Nepal needs to focus on recollecting talent, diversifying its economy, and providing support systems for affected families. By addressing these issues, Nepal can maximize the benefits of migration while minimizing its negative impacts, contributing to the country's sustainable development.

 

 

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