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Prepositions (Grammar)

 

                            English Grammar

Prepositions

Preposition is a word (group of words) which is placed before a noun or a pronoun to indicate its location, place, direction, source, method etc.

1.         Use of 'on'

a.    before days/dates: on Friday, on 5th March, on Christmas day

b.    to indicate position (attached to): on the floor, on the table, on the wall, on the ceiling

c.     with means of transportation: on a bicycle, on a horse, on foot

d.    to mean concerning or before topic: Write an essay on 'Tourism in Nepal'.

e.     to mean start or open the connection: turn on, switch on

f.      with some verbs like rely on, keep on, put on, depend on, switch on

2.         Use of 'in'

a.    before month/ year/ season/ century etc.: in January, in 2013, in winter, in the 19th century

b.    before place (comparatively larger): in Kathmandu, in Nepal, in Asia

c.     to denote inside: in the class, in the pocket

d.    before clothes/articles worn: She is in red sari.

e.     before parts of day (comparatively longer): in the morning, in the afternoon

3.         Use of 'at'

a.    before time of the clock: at 5 o'clock, at 7 o'clock

b.    before parts of day (comparatively shorter): at noon, at night

c.     before festivals: at Tihar, at Teej, at Ghodejatra

d.    before place (comparatively very small): at the airport, at home, at bus stop

e.     before direction (towards): Look at the blackboard. Don’t throw stone at the dog.

4.         Use of 'to'

a.    before the direction (up, to, towards): He went to Parsa.

b.    before time (in the condition of remaining): It's ten to two; a quarter to five.

c.     before indirect object: A pen is given to me.

d.    to indicate relation: He's married to an American lady.

5.         Use of 'by'

a.    before time in future perfect tense: They will have constructed a new bridge by 2022.

b.    before an agent in passive voice: Muna Madan was written by Laxmi Prasad Devkota.

c.     before means of transportation: by bus, by plane, by train

d.    to denote near: Come and sit by me.

6.         Use of 'with'

a.    before tool or instrument: He is cutting with a knife.

b.    having or carrying something: She is the lady with an umbrella.

c.     to indicate accompaniment or togetherness: Bipina goes to market with her mother.

d.    physical state: He is the man with long nose.

e.     to indicate the manner, condition or circumstance: He will do it with an effort.

7.         Use of 'of'

a.    to indicate cause: die of hunger

b.    to denote possession/ belonging: lid of the pen, brother of Ram

c.     indicating unit of measurement or quantity: a litre of oil, a cup of tea

d.    to indicate age: He is a man of 60.

8.         Use of 'from'

a.    before time or place from which it starts: I started my trip from Khairahani.

b.    to refer who sent or gave something: This letter if from my father.

c.     to indicate from where someone is: Carol is from the UK.

d.    to indicate protection or prevention: Protect girls from human trafficking.

e.     to indicate cause: She is suffering from fever.

f.      to show difference: A pen is different from a pencil.

9.         Use of 'for'

a.    before price/reward or penalty: He bought a book for Rs. 300.

b.    to indicate aim/ destination: They are departing for home.

c.     before period of time: I have been writing for 3 hours now.

d.    to indicate purpose: This pen is for writing.

10.   Use of 'since'

              Before point of time in perfect tense: I have started my job since 2012.             

11.   Use of 'into'

a.     In the motion within an enclosed place: She ran into the classroom.

b.    Change of condition: Milan burst into tears.

12.   Use of 'onto'

   In the motion on a surface: The teacher is keeping the duster onto the table.    

13.   Use of 'through'

From one side to another: He came through the gate.

14.   Use of 'inside'

              Inner side: They are quarreling inside the hall.

15.   Use of 'outside'

Outer side: Hima is running outside the classroom.

16.   Use of 'over'

              Covering/ higher than: The tablecloth is over the table.   

17.   Use of 'under'

    Lower in rank, lower than : Three men were working under the boss.

There is a pen under the table.

18.   Use of 'between'

              Ram is standing between Sita and Gita.    

19.   Use of 'among'

He is the tallest among all.

20.   Use of 'about'

              Topic: He is writing an essay about 'Discipline'.

              Concerning: Sabina is careless about her study.        

21.   Use of 'out of'

To outside (in motion): Mohan came out of the bus.

22.   Use of 'across'

              From one side to another: She swam across the river.      

23.   Use of 'behind'

To the back side: There is a dog behind the house.

24.   Use of 'along'

              From a point to the end: The teacher is walking along the path.

25.   Use of 'next to'

Remaining after or at the side: Anish is sitting next to Manish.

26.   Use of 'beside'

At the side: Apekshya is sitting beside Manisha.

27.   Use of 'besides'

          Apart from/ in addition to: Sabina had three other mobiles besides this.

28.   Use of 'in front of'

At the front/ ahead: There is a flag pole in front of the school building.

29.   Use of 'away'

To a distance: Parsa Bazaar is three kilometres away from my house.

30.   Use of 'off'

              Breaking the connection: He turned off the switch.

31.   Use of 'before'

Earlier than: We have to finish up to unit 7 before first terminal examination.

32.   Use of 'after'

Later than: We have a long holiday after final examination.

33.   Use of 'till/ until'

              Up to the time: I will wait until she comes.

34.   Use of 'up'

From lower to upper: Mamata climbed up the tree.

35.   Use of 'down'

              From upper to lower: Suman climbed down the tree.

 

Some phrasal prepositions

a pair of     a couple of         accused of       afraid of        die of         fond of           tired of       get rid of consist of               dream of    deprive of           apply for           care for      search for            look for  apologize for          go out                 put out           die out           find out       put off      take off            a part from       get off                   give off      turn off     switch off            give up        give away               break into depend on        look for         listen to        eat up     different from           similar with      angry with   pleased with      satisfied with     

 

Video for testing the competency of students (prepositions)

 

Part 1:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xVZBlhaunbU&t=20s

Part 2: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xVZBlhaunbU&t=20s

For TAG QUESTION CLICK HERE.

For ARTICLE CLICK HERE.

For EXERCISE CLICK HERE.


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